Công ty TNHH VinFast Auto đã công bố kết quả kinh doanh chưa kiểm toán cho kỳ sáu tháng kết thúc vào ngày 30 tháng 6 năm 2025, được bao gồm trong Phụ lục 99.1 kèm theo

VinFast Auto Ltd. has announced its unaudited results for the six-month period ended June 30, 2025 , which are included in Exhibit 99.1 hereto

As set forth herein, VinFast Auto Ltd. (the “Company”) has announced its unaudited results for the six-month period ended June 30, 2025 , which are included in Exhibit 99.1 hereto.

The Company is also providing certain business updates in Exhibit 99.2 hereto.

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Document Period End Date Jun. 30, 2025

Entity Registrant Name VinFast Auto Ltd.

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Short-term investments consist of short-term deposits which are time deposits placed with banks and have original maturities between three months and one year. Interest earned is recorded as interest income in the unaudited interim condensed consolidated statements of operations for the periods presented.

Investment in equity investees

Investments in equity investees represent investments in a joint venture in which the Group jointly controls with other investor but does not own a majority equity interest or control. Such investments are accounted for using the equity method of accounting in accordance with ASC 323-10, Investments - Equity Method and Joint Ventures: Overall. Under the equity method, the Group initially records its investment at cost and prospectively recognizes its proportionate share of each equity investee’s net profit or loss into its consolidated statement of operations. The difference between the cost of the equity investee and the amount of the underlying equity in the net assets of the equity investee is recognized as equity method goodwill included in equity method investment on the consolidated balance sheet. The Group evaluates its equity method investments for impairment under ASC 323-10. An impairment loss on the equity method investments is recognized in the consolidated statement of operations when the decline in value is determined to be other-than-temporary.

No impairment loss had been recorded during the period ended June 30, 2025 and 2024.

2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)

(e) Investment (continued)

Other investments consist of investment in other entities as disclosed in Note 13. In accordance with ASC 321, Investments – Equity Securities, for investments in an investee over which the Group does not have significant influence, the Group carries the investment at fair value with unrealized gains and losses included in earnings.

The Group assesses at contract inception whether a contract is or contains a lease if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration. The lease term corresponds to the non-cancellable period of each contract.

A lease is classified at the inception date as either a finance lease or an operating lease. As the lessee, a lease is a finance lease if any of the following conditions exist: a) ownership is transferred to the lessee by the end of the lease term, b) there is a bargain purchase option, c) the lease term is at least 75% of the asset’s estimated remaining economic life, d) the present value of the minimum lease payments at the beginning of the lease term is 90% or more of the fair value of the leased asset to the lessor at the inception date or e) the leased asset is of such a specialized nature that it is expected to have no alternative use.

Finance lease assets and liabilities are presented separately on the consolidated balance sheet as finance lease right-of-use assets and finance lease liabilities, current and non-current respectively.

All other leases are accounted for as operating leases wherein rental payments are expensed on a straight-line basis over the periods of their respective leases. Operating leases (with an initial term of more than 12 months) are included in operating lease right-of-use (“ROU”) assets, operating lease liabilities (current), and operating lease liabilities (non-current) in the consolidated balance sheet. ROU assets represent the Group’s right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent the Group’s obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Operating lease ROU assets and liabilities are recognized at commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term.

The Group utilizes a market-based approach to estimate the incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. The operating lease ROU asset also includes any lease prepayments, reduced by lease incentives and accrued rent. The lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the Group will exercise that option.

The Group has lease agreements with lease and non-lease components, which are generally accounted for separately. In addition, leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the consolidated balance sheet; the Group recognizes lease expense for these leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Certain lease agreements contain rent holidays and escalating rent are considered when determining the straight-line rent expense to be recorded over the lease term. The lease term begins on the date of initial possession of the leased property for purposes of recognizing lease incentives.

At the commencement date, the lease payments consist of the fixed payments less any lease incentives paid or payable to the lessee relating to the use of the underlying asset during the lease term. Lease payments do not include variable lease payments that do not depend on an index or a rate.

A lease is classified at the lease commencement date as either a sales-type lease or an operating lease. The lessor shall classify a lease as a sales-type lease when the lease meets any of the following criteria: a) the lease transfers ownership of the underlying asset to the lessee by the end of the lease term, b) the lease grants the lessee an option to purchase the underlying asset that the lessee is reasonably certain to exercise, c) the lease term is for the major part of the remaining economic life of the underlying asset, d) the present value of the sum of the lease payments equals or exceeds substantially all of the fair value of the underlying asset, or e) the underlying asset is of such a specialized nature that it is expected to have no alternative use to the lessor at the end of the lease term. Notwithstanding the above criteria, leases are classified as operating leases if they have variable lease payments that do not depend on an index or rate and if classifying the lease as a sales-type lease or a direct financing lease would result in the recognition of a selling loss.

For a sales-type lease, at the lease commencement, net investment in the lease is recognized by the sum of the lease receivable and the unguaranteed residual asset. Lease receivable is the present values of the sum of lease payments and the guaranteed residual asset. The Group recognises all revenue and costs associated with the sales-type lease as revenue from leasing activities and cost of leasing activities upon delivery of the underlying asset to the customer. Interest income based on the implicit rate in the lease is recorded to finance income over time as customers are invoiced on a monthly basis. All other leases are accounted for as operating leases wherein the Group recognizes, at the commencement date, the lease payments as income in profit or loss over the lease term on a straight-line basis and the Group recognizes variable lease payments as income in profit or loss in the period in which the changes in facts and circumstances on which the variable lease payment are based occur.

The Group has battery leases accounted for as both operating leases and sales-type leases. The Group’s operating leases for batteries allow variable monthly subscription fees that depend on mileage usage. Both types of battery leases have an indefinite term and can be terminated at any time at the customer’s discretion. At the termination of contract, customers are required to return the batteries to the Group. The Group considers a number of factors, including the technical useful lives of the vehicles and batteries, useful lives of the vehicles, the customer’s termination right, amongst others, in determining the lease term.

Business cooperation contract (“BCC”) with V-Green

In September 2024, VinFast entered into an agreement with V-Green, a related party under common control, to lease the VinFast charging station system with a carrying amount of approximately VND4,200 billion, which is mostly recognized as property, plant, and equipment in exchange for a specified percentage of the total revenue generated from these assets. The lease is classified as an operating lease whereby VinFast acts as the lessor.

(g) Impairment of long-lived assets

The Group evaluates its long-lived assets, including property, plant and equipment, intangible assets with finite lives and right-of-use assets, for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances, such as a significant adverse change to market conditions that will impact the future use of the assets, indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be fully recoverable. When these events occur, the Group evaluates the recoverability of long-lived assets by comparing the carrying amount of the assets to the future undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use of the assets and their eventual disposition, using the key assumptions, including revenue growth and gross margin improvements. If the sum of the expected undiscounted cash flows is less than the carrying amount of the assets, the Group recognizes an impairment loss on long-lived assets for the excess of the carrying amount of the assets over their fair value.

(h) Fair value measurement

The Group applies ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures (“ASC 820”). ASC 820 defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. ASC 820 requires disclosures to be provided for fair value measurements.

ASC 820 establishes a three-tier fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value as follows:

Level 1-Observable inputs that reflect quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.

Level 2-Includes other inputs that are directly or indirectly observable in the marketplace.

Level 3-Unobservable inputs which are supported by little or no market activity.

ASC 820 describes three main approaches to measuring the fair value of assets and liabilities: (1) market approach; (2) income approach; and (3) cost approach. The market approach uses prices and other relevant information generated from market transactions involving identical or comparable assets or liabilities. The income approach uses valuation techniques to convert future amounts to a single present value amount. The measurement is based on the value indicated by current market expectations for those future amounts. The cost approach is based on the amount that would currently be required to replace an asset.

Financial instruments include cash and cash equivalents, trade receivables, certain other receivables, short-term derivative assets, other investments, long-term derivative assets, amounts due from related parties, certain other non-current assets, accounts payable, accruals, short-term derivative liabilities, short-term loans, long term borrowings, long-term derivative liabilities, amounts due to related parties, and certain other current liabilities. The carrying values of the financial instruments included in current assets and liabilities approximate their fair values due to their short-term maturities. The carrying amount of long-term borrowings approximates its fair value due to the fact that the related interest rates approximate market rates for similar debt instruments of comparable maturities.

For fair value measurements categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy, the Group uses its valuation processes to decide its valuation policies and procedures and analyse changes in fair value measurements from period to period. For assets and liabilities that are recognized in the financial statements at fair value on a recurring basis, the Group determines whether transfers have occurred between levels in the hierarchy by re-assessing categorization (based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole) at the end of each reporting.

(i) Current expected credit loss

The Group’s cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, net investment in sales-type lease, certain other receivables, and other current assets are in scope of Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (“ASC Topic 326”). The Group’s loan receivables from related parties (entities under common control) are excluded from the scope of ASC Topic 326.

The Group has identified the relevant risk characteristics of its customers and the related cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, certain other receivables, amounts due from other related parties, other current assets and other non-current assets which include size, type of services or the products the Group provides, or a combination of these characteristics. Receivables and amounts due from related parties with similar risk characteristics have been grouped into pools. For each pool, the Group considers the historical credit loss experience, current economic conditions, supportable forecasts of future economic conditions, and any recoveries in assessing the lifetime expected credit losses. Other key factors that influence the expected credit loss analysis include customer demographics, payment terms offered in the normal course of business to customers, and industry-specific factors that could impact the Group’s receivables. Additionally, external data and macroeconomic factors are also considered. This is assessed at each reporting date based on the Group’s specific facts and circumstances.

(j) Convenience Translation

Translations of balances in the unaudited interim condensed consolidated balance sheet, unaudited interim condensed consolidated statement of operations, unaudited interim condensed consolidated statement of other comprehensive loss, unaudited interim condensed consolidated statements of shareholders’ equity, unaudited interim condensed consolidated statement of cash flows and the related notes from VND into USD as of and for the six months ended June 30, 2025 are solely for the convenience of the reader and were calculated at the rate of USD1.00 = VND 25,052 , representing the central exchange rate quoted by the State Bank of Vietnam Operations Centre as of June 30, 2025. No representation is made that the VND amounts represent or could have been, or could be, converted, realized or settled into USD at that rate on June 30, 2025, or at any other rate.

The amounts shown in the unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been rounded or truncated as deemed appropriate by the management. Accordingly, numerical figures shown as totals in certain tables might not be an arithmetic aggregation of the figures that precede them.

(k) Recent issued accounting pronouncements not yet adopted

ASU 2024-03, Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses (DISE) (Subtopic 220-40)

On November 4, 2024, FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses. The ASU requires the disaggregated disclosure of specific expense categories, including purchases of inventory, employee compensation, depreciation, and amortization, within relevant income statement captions. This ASU also requires disclosure of the total amount of selling expenses along with the definition of selling expenses.

This ASU applies to all public interest entities and is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027. Adoption of this ASU can either be applied prospectively to consolidated financial statements issued for reporting periods after the effective date of this ASU or retrospectively to any or all prior periods presented in the consolidated financial statements. Early adoption is also permitted.

This ASU will likely result in the required additional disclosures being included in our consolidated financial statements, once adopted.